Frankinstein Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frankinstein Book - Essay Example As his knowledge in science increased, his passion to answer his questions increased also. As a result, he created a living thing secretly in the hope that someday, he will prove his studies to have been true after all and, that his critics were mere scholars who were afraid to indulge in the studies he pursued. Unfortunately, in contrast to what he expected, the beautiful creation he anticipated proved to be nothing but a monster which will soon make his life miserable. The monster killed people whom Frankenstein loved and adored and the once, sweet dream of the young student; became his most horrible nightmare. The story may be a work of fiction but it somehow shows readers the value not only of science but also of ethics in performing scientific experiments using the scientific method as exemplified in the story. Frankenstein’s pursuit to find answers to his questions led him to perform an experiment. Like any educated scientist, it could be said that he followed the scientific method. First, he had this unquenchable question which he knew, only natural science could answer. As the main character of the story mentioned, â€Å"†Whence, I often asked myself, did the principle of life proceed?† (Shelley) Having a problem, he then came up with a purpose and that is, to experiment on bringing life, a being from the dead parts of men. However, before he begun, he first closely observed living things and how dead animals and men decomposed. The character describes his activities, â€Å"I paused, examining and analyzing all the minutia of causations exemplified in the change from life to death, and death to life† (Shelley). He read more books on the subject of Agrippa’s principles and he also expanded his knowledge on other natural sciences such as chemistry. He was very diligent in his studies and he had extensive preparations. Frankenstein possessed and portrayed certain characteristics

History †MapQuest Chapters Essay Example for Free

History – MapQuest Chapters Essay WebQuest Chapter 19: The Pullman Strike 1. ) George Pullman explained that the benefits of having his workers living in his company town was that he believed that the surroundings would remove the workers from the â€Å"Feeling of discontent† which â€Å"Characterized the American Workman†. This would protect his company from the economic loss that the discontented worker would suffer if he was living under bad conditions. He also took the rent that was due directly out of the paychecks of his employees. 2. ) The readings do not state a dollar amount for the hourly wage. The Parable of Pullman states that the workers wages were close to subsistence level. The amount of the pay cut averaged 25% 3. ) Eugene Deb was a Locomotive Fireman. It was under him that the American Railway Union was organized in June of 1893. He was the president of the ARU. It was a single organization that represented all types of railroad employees. In August of 1893 they had had success over the Great Northern Railway in a wage cut dispute. The Pullman workers also joined the ARU. When they went on strike in May of 1894, the ARU supported the strike and it became a nationwide strike between railroads and the American Railway Union. After the strike was broken by federal intervention, Debs was jailed for six months for his role in the strike,, specifically for violating a federal injunction and interfering with the mail. 4. ) The strike ended because the ARU members had refused to work any train that had Pullman’s cars included in it. The companies purposefully attached Pullman cars to mail trains. This caused the mail to be delayed. The result was the Federal Government issuing an injunction and President Cleveland sending Federal troops to enforce it, in order to stop the mail delay. A â€Å"yellow dog† contract is a contract that a worker signs promising not to join a labor union while he is an employee of the company who holds the contract. 5. ) The appellants had been refused employment, had no viable way to leave the Town of Pullman, and their families were starving. Instead of employing these individuals, Pullman had brought in substitute workers. Governor Altgeld wrote Pullman a letter basically stating that he should bear some responsibility for the plight of those in his town. He also stated that he was going to conduct a personal investigation. He made good on his word for the investigation. 6. ) The investigations found that the letter of complaint was indeed valid. There were 1600 families that were without the basic necessities of life, such as food. The investigators also found that there were 600 new workers but 1600 old workers that were still unemployed. HISTORY PAGE 2 of 3 7. ) Pullman blamed the workers for their plight, stating that if they had not gone on strike, they would not be suffering. WebQuest Chapter 20: The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1. ) The workforce was mainly made up of young immigrant women. There were also men employed, and boys as elevator attendants. There were other boys and girls present during the fire. 2. ) There were a total of 146 people who died in the fire. Most of these were young women. The readings do not break out the deaths by gender. There were also men and boys who died in the fire. About a third jumped from the ledges to avoid burning to death. The rest died of burns, some at their sewing machines. 3. ) The exit doors on the ninth floor were locked, ostensibly to prevent employee theft. The one fire exit that was available was inadequate for the number of workers. The conditions existed because fire inspections and precautions were inadequate. The workers feared that if they spoke out about the conditions, that they would lose their job. Economics also played a role in why the conditions were not corrected. 4. ) The citizens of New York, from every physical and economic part of the City, demanded justice. Workers offered testimony and support. There were protests in the streets. They demanded a safer work environment. 5. ) The unions became strong after this tragedy. Many workers saw the benefit in having an organization speak on their behalf. The other legacy is the building codes and worker safety legislation that was passed after the fire. WebQuest Chapter 22: The Platt Amendment 1. ) The Platt Amendment was attached to the Cuban Constitution. The Cuban Government, with reluctance, included the amendment in their constitution. The United States was already occupying Cuba. The United States was not going to relinquish any control without the amendment in place. 2. ) The Platt Amendment was drafted by Secretary of War Elihu Root, and presented by Senator Orville Platt. It was attached as a rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901. The intent was to protect Cuba from foreign intervention and allow the United States to exercise authority in Cuba if the situation warranted it. It was passed by the Senate HISTORY PAGE 3 of 3 3. ) The Platt Amendment barred Cuba from going into debt, making treaties with other nations that gave those nations any power over Cuban affairs, or stopping the US from creating a sanitation system. It restricted Cuban Sovereignty by giving the United States broad latitude of power over the domestic and foreign relations of Cuba. 4. ) The Platt Amendment was used by the United States as an excuse for intervention in Cuba in 1906, 1912, 1917, and 1920. The Platt Amendment was also used for the creation of the base at Guantanamo Bay. 5. ) The Cubans were reluctant to attach it to their Constitution. They feared rampant US intervention. Widespread criticism of the amendment and rising nationalism in Cuba resulted in President Franklin Roosevelt’s repeal of the Amendment in 1934, except for the lease of Guantanamo Bay. 6. ) Whereas the Platt Amendment specifically provided causes for the intervention in Cuba by the United States, the Teller Amendment stated that the United States disclaims sovereign claims to Cuba, and will leave control of the island to the Cubans, and will not claim jurisdiction. The two documents are in sharp contrast to one another.

The Importance of the Sonnet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet

Although Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy of two young lovers caught in the whirlpool of their own youthful passion, it is also a tragedy of two young people at the mercy of a feud not of their making and of fateful events over which they have no control. Regardless of our individual response to this play, we have a common response of deep sadness over the senseless deaths of the two young lovers. Regardless of the cause of the tragic events, we are on their side. Â   There are several ways to think about Romeo and Juliet, but recent discussions of the play look at the form and language of love that Shakespeare uses and how his use of one particular form, the sonnet, enhances our sense of the play. By directing our attention to the sonnet qualities in Romeo and Juliet, we are able to discern a growing maturity in these two characters, one which, especially in the case of Juliet, belies their untried youth. This article will examine how the sonnet conventions found in Romeo and Juliet reflect the play's stance on young love as well as how Juliet's resistance to the sonnet reveals a character that allows her to endure the desertion of virtually everyone around her. Â   The sonnet is a fourteen-line love poem. Perfected by the Italian Petrarch in the fifteenth century, the form followed certain conventions. The subject matter was that of unrequited love. The sonneteer would write a cycle of sonnets dedicated to a woman, his "sonnet lady," whom he knew only from afar, who was unavailable, whose very presence changed one's earthly existence into heaven. The fourteen-line sequence was often marked by a reversal, a "turn" between the first eight and the last six lines. Frequently, the turn would move from the ph... ...m to abandon Juliet in the tomb of her dead ancestors with the body of Romeo. Throughout the chaos that occurs when the tragedy in the tomb is discovered by the outside world, Juliet remains firm and resolute, a stark contrast to the confusion that even spills into the streets of Verona: "For I will not away" (5.3.160). Preferring death to the hostile world around her, she stabs herself with Romeo's dagger. Â   Although we see the chastened adults receive their greatest punishment, the deaths of their children, it seems far too great a price to pay for the settling of a feud. Our hearts remain with Romeo and Juliet, who found passion in love rather than in hatred and who matured far beyond their adult role models. Â   "This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong To love that well, which thou must leave ere long." -- Sonnet 73 Â   Â  

Pag-IBIG Fund Essay

Pag-IBIG is an acronym which stands for Pagtutulungan sa Kinabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko, Industria at Gobyerno. In effect, Pag-IBIG harnesses these four sectors of our society to provide its members with adequate housing through as effective savings scheme. Coverage These guidelines shall cover the development and construction of low cost housing units in Metro Manila and highly urbanized cities, and socialized housing units in the provinces by Pag-IBIG Fund. Objectives To provide low-cost and socialized house and lot packages/condominium units either for rent or for sale to low income Pag-IBIG members who cannot afford the housing packages available in the market. To enable Pag-IBIG Fund to perform its mandate by using its funds to provide decent and affordable condominium units as well as house and lot packages for sale to eligible Pag-IBIG Fund members nationwide. To stimulate competition that will bring about better housing packages in terms of price and development that will redound to the benefit not only of Pag-IBIG Fund members but also of the public in general. To help solve the housing backlog by generating further demand for housing through the provision of affordable condominium units and house and lot packages. To equitably distribute nationwide economic opportunities generated from housing production, and in the process, stimulate stability brought about by economic development. To provide an opportunity for Local Government Units (LGUs) to comply with R.A. 7279 by identifying and providing land for socialized housing. To simplify and facilitate the processing of end-user financing for eligible Pag-IBIG Fund members, given that the projects are owned by Pag-IBIG Fund. To develop further sense of ownership, pride and confidence among members of the Fund, knowing fully well that the projects being constructed are direct investments made from their savings with the institution. To generate more membership to Pag-IBIG Fund. To develop and dispose acquired properties of the Fund.

Business & Administration Essay

1.1 Describe the main types of electronic message systems An electronic messaging system (EMS) allows users to send and receive messages electronically. Two of the main types of electronic message systems are as follows: E-mails, these work by the message leaving your inbox, it is then transferred to a number of servers before it reaches the other persons inbox. During this time it passes through a few servers, some of which save the email for future reference, faxes are another type of electrical message system, this works by drawing the documents through it, scanning them and saving digital images into memory. The machine dials the number, waits for acknowledgment from the fax machine on the other end then transfers the images using different frequency tones to translate varying shades of dark and light. 1.2 Describe the different features of electronic message systems There are different types of electronic message systems and therefore they have different features for example, a telephone allows for instant voice communication and has a feature known as ‘call forwarding’ this allows you to transfer any incoming or current calls to a different telephone. They also have a feature known as ‘voicemail’ this is a feature which allows you to receive messages even when you are away from the telephone, the machine records the voice message and enables you to play it back with the option to save the message, pass it to another user or to discard of it. Portable telephones also have extensive features e.g. Internet access. Email is another electronic message system which has various different features such as the ‘address book’ this feature allows users to add contacts email addresses etc. Recipients can then be attached to an email quickly through typing their name into the address book. The internet is yet another form of electronic messaging system it has become a replacement for notice boards with features such as forums, bulletins and news feeds it can be used as a quicker method of updating and viewing information e.g. newsletters and events. 1.3 Explain the purpose of keeping an electronic message system up  to date The purpose of keeping an electronic message system up to date is that we know which messages we dealt with also to avoid miscommunication. It also allows you to have a clearer overlook as to what messages you still need to preview. For example I check my emails every day when I come into work and as soon as I reply or finish reading an email I decide whether it is important or not, if it is not important l remove it from my inbox so that it is free from any unwanted messages. This will then be filed away into the appropriate subfolder (the deleted folder). This is then held on file just in case it needs to be looked at in the future for some reason. Another reason for keeping electronic message systems up to date is to ensure that no important messages are missed, if a message system is kept up to date and an important message is received it can then be dealt with quickly and efficiently as possible which will have a positive impact on your reputation as an employee as well as the company’s. 1.4 Describe how to use an electronic message system to check and delete or discard messages This is how to check, delete or discard of messages using email as a form of electronic communication. To check your email first you will be required to log in to your account. After you sign in (put your username or email address and password) you will be able to view your inbox. All new messages are shown in bold font, so it is easy to notice them. To delete or discard messages in most cases you can left click the square box next to the message(s) you want to discard of, then you will need to left click the icon with a picture of bin once you have done this the selected message(s) will be put in the â€Å"bin† folder. To remove message from bin you can either chose one message or multiple messages which you want to permanently discard of you will then need to left click on the square box and click icon â€Å"Delete forever†. If you want to remove all messages from the bin folder you will need to left click the square box on top of the screen, which will then tick all messages. After that you need to click â€Å"Delete forever† icon and that will remove all messages from the bin folder. 1.5 Explain the purpose of leaving clear messages for others The purpose of leaving clear messages for others is to ensure that the point we want to get across is received and understood thoroughly, leaving a clear message can save you valuable time in the work space as it helps get the  information across quicker if the person on the other line does not need to translate and interpret what you are saying. This can also minimize potential conflict that could come from any misunderstanding.

How to Master the German Articles-Part I

How to Master the German Articles-Part I The German articles are honestly spoken a pain in the neck as they do not make any sense nor do they follow any logic. Unfortunately they are important for anyone who aims at speaking correct German. But there’s hope. There are two simple ways to deal with them almost effortlessly. This article will show you a quick and dirty way to recognize the gender of a German noun even if you dont understand its meaning yet. The second technique you will find in this article. The first is base upon the fact that there are indeed a few signals that give away a nouns gender. The endings -ig or -ling e.g. are always masculine, and so are -or, -ismus and the majority of nouns ending in -er. The problem is that those five endings are as abstract and meaningless as the articles themselves and therefore are still pretty difficult to remember and to apply.   The best way to deal with these article-signals is to organise them in the following way: der ig-ling-or-ismuser which we would read like a single word: der iglingorismuser   It’s still abstract but now we only have to deal with one abstract information -iglingorismuser- instead of five (-ig, -ling, -or, -ismus, -er). Our new word-creation also has a melody that makes it easier to remember.  Try it. Read it out loud a few times and try to recite it simply from your memory until you know it by heart. It took me a day of occasional recital and I still am able to recall it in an instant.   Of course there are also such signals for neuter and feminine nouns. Combined to mnemonic words they look like this: das Tum-chen-ma-ment-um-leinnis die Heit-ung-keit-ei-schaft-ion-ie-tt-ikure Practice them until you can recite them in a second or less so that you can focus on meaning instead on grammar when speaking. A friend of mine has written a little song to help learners like you to master them quickly. Make sure to check it out. There are also many good tips on how to learn abstract information in general in this lovely article. You might have noted the plus sign () in front of some endings above. That simply means that those endings are not 100% reliable regarding their signal. But they are mostly indicating the gender above. You can find some exceptions here. The beauty of this technique lies in its efficiency as you will be able to identify a noun’s gender even without knowing what that noun means. The word „Einberufungâ€Å" e.g. will most certainly be unknown to most of you but you will recognize its ending -ung easily and therefore know that it is of feminine gender. By the way it means „draftâ€Å" into military service. Why don’t you test your current knowledge of the articles with the following exercise before you practice the three lovely mnemonic words above for some time and then come back to this article and test your new skill? Like this you will have a before-after comparison and therefore a visual feedback for what you have learned with help of this article.   Test of your current article-recognition skills. Cover the text above so that you won’t be tempted to peek. What gender do the following German nouns have? You can write either der, das, die or simply (m)asculine, (n)euter or (f)eminine.    Test your knowledge of the German Articles Schmetterling (butterfly)Abteilung (department)Nation (nation)Autor (author)Psychologie (psychology)Wachstum (growth)Mdchen (girl)Eimer (bucket)Nase (nose)Polizei (police)Mongolei (Mongolia)Kà ¶ter (scoundrel)Kommunismus (communism)Frulein (Miss)Natur (nature)Fabrik (plant)Oktober (October)Frà ¼hling (spring)Bà ¼rschchen (stripling/laddie)Gesellschaft (society)Struktur (structure)Quentchen (grain)Management (management)Logik (logic)Museum (museum)Information (information)Minute (minute)Kà ¶rper (body)Wohnung (flat)Feigling (coward)September (September)Meister (master)Ewigkeit (eternity) The answers you will find on the next page, so maybe copy these words into a word document or on a piece of paper to be able to easily correct your answers. Feel free to let me know your before/after results and what you think of this technique.   One last note: This technique does not cover all possible article signals but the most common ones. And it also does not help you with all those nouns that simply do not have any signal-ending yet there is also a few categories that usually stick to one gender, like e.g. alcoholic beverages that are mostly masculine (e.g. der Wein) or motorcycle bands that are exclusively feminine (e.g. die Harley Davidson) and the second technique is coming soon. Stay tuned and thanks for reading. Here now the answers to the exercise on the last page: der Schmetterling (butterfly)die Abteilung (department)die Nation (nation)der Autor (author)die Psychologie (psychology)das Wachstum (growth)das Mdchen (girl)der Eimer (bucket)die Nase (nose)die Polizei (police)die Mongolei (Mongolia)der Kà ¶ter (scoundrel)der Kommunismus (communism)das Frulein (Miss)die Natur (nature)die Fabrik (plant)der Oktober (October)der Frà ¼hling (spring)das Bà ¼rschchen (stripling/laddie)die Gesellschaft (society)die Struktur (structure)das Quentchen (grain)das Management (management)die Logik (logic)das Museum (museum)die Information (information)die Minute (minute)der Kà ¶rper (body)die Wohnung (flat)der Feigling (coward)September (September)der Meister (master)die Ewigkeit (eternity)    How many have you had correct? Before: ______ After:    ______    00-11 points:      You could have gotten that much simply by guessing 12-22 points:      Not bad, but maybe you just have been lucky.   23-33 points:      Gute Arbeit. You are on your way to becoming an German Artikelmeister.

Motivation Coursework

Motivation Coursework Motivation Coursework Motivation Coursework Excerpt In the ever changing institution of education due to globalization, it is becoming more difficult as a teacher to motivate students and in some circumstances it is even more difficult to remember as teacher to be effective motivators. Why is it that students are becoming so unmotivated to do their work and progress to their full potential? Why is it that teachers are forgetting their role as motivators and not using the appropriate motivational techniques required in their classroom? This paper will be dedicated to the idea of motivation in the classroom and discuss many complex issues surrounding the idea of motivation. In the first portion of this essay, the key points of the numerous theories on motivation will be discussed and the multiple views of each of these theories will be examined. This paper will examine numerous theories such as intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and goal theory. The second portion of this essay will be devoted to di scussing how these particular theories on motivation can be instilled in the classroom in order to produce effective motivation, and how knowledge of these theories will influence the decisions I make around teaching and learning. Before continuing any further, there are some basic questions that must first be answered; what is motivation? Why is motivation an essential component in the classroom? Who is responsible for motivation? Simply stated, motivation is `an internal process that makes a person move towards a goal'. Some academics have their own personal definitions, such as Drnyei who states that `[m]otivation explains why people decide to do something, how hard they are going to pursue it and how long they are willing to sustain the activity' (2001, p. 7). Others define motivation by what it does stating that `[m]otivation gets us going; it gives us energy, directs us towards our goals, and sustains us through the tasks we undertake' (Vialle, Lysaght Verenikina, 2005, p.156). Motivation is essential in the classroom because it causes students to `greet each new school day with enthusiasm, participate in all academic tasks, actively seek challenge in their work, complete their homework, and produce ass ignments of an exemplary standard' (Vialle et al., 2005, p.156). Motivation is an inner process driven by oneself, however, `teachers bear a great deal of this responsibility when it comes to motivation in school contexts' (Vialle et al., 2005, p.156). By examining the theories of motivation, the above questions as well as many other questions will be answered, while simultaneously, many new questions regarding motivation will arise. One of the newest theories on motivation which are predominantly used in classrooms today are intrinsic motivation theory and extrinsic motivation theory. Intrinsic motivation is `motivation that come from within you or is inherent in the task. For example, you may be motivated to complete a task because you enjoy it or you value the skill you are learning' (Vialle et al., 2005, p.156). Many disputes within the theory of intrinsic motivation exist. In a study investigated by Cordova and Lepper, it was determined that children's reported intrinsic motivation in school has been decreasing steadily from at least third grade through high school (1996, p.715). On the other hand, Covington and Meller tested intrinsic motivation in older students and concluded that intrinsic motivation in students has been increasing as they get older because they want to learn for the sake of obtaining knowledge (2001, pp.157-160). Extrinsic motivation is motivation to engage in an activity as a means to an end. Extrinsic motivation is when you are motivated by external factors, as opposed to the internal drivers of intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation drives you to do things for tangible rewards or pressures, rather than for the fun of it (Syque, 2007). For example, individuals who are extrinsically motivated work on tasks because they believe that participation will result in desirable outcomes such as reward, teacher praise, or avoidance of punishment (Vialle et al., 2005, pp.156-157). This theory is closely linked to behaviourism where behaviour is shaped by reinforcers such as positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers and punishment (Vialle et al., 2005, p.158). Positive reinforcement is based on a reward system and `positive reinforcers include tangibles, such as stickers or lollies, or teacher praises, such as verbal praise, acknowledgement and feedback' (Vialle et al., 2005, p.158). In Negative Reinforcement a particular behaviour is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping or avoiding of a negative condition (Levine, 1999). `Negative reinforcers involve payoffs, not for achieving something positive, such as completing an assignment on time, but for avoiding something abrasive, as in the case of the student whose reason for studying is to avoid failing' (Covington Meller, 2001, p.4). Punishment, which is often confused with negative reinforcement, weakens a behaviour because a negative condition is introduced or experienced as a consequence of the beh aviour (Levine, 1999). Also, if you needsociology coursework, check this out: Related posts: Custom Essay Help Concept Essay A Reflection Essay Religion Coursework Management Coursework

In Case Of and In the Event Of

In Case Of and In the Event Of In Case Of and In the Event Of In Case Of and In the Event Of By Maeve Maddox A reader asks if there’s a difference between these two phrases: Is there any difference between in case of and in the event of? Some seem to think these two phrases are synonymous; others contend that in case of is used when youre preparing for something, e.g. Take an umbrella in case it rains, while   in the event of when anticipating an unplanned occurrence, like In the event of fire, use the emergency exit.  What is your take on this? The OED defines the conjunction â€Å"in case† as â€Å"in the event that; if it should happen that.† On the Ngram Viewer, â€Å"in case of† is far more common than â€Å"in the event of† from 1800 to 1917, but then begins to plummet. In 2000, â€Å"in case of† is only slightly ahead of â€Å"in the event of† in the English database. A Google search also indicates that â€Å"in case of† is more common: in case of (290,000,000 results)   in the event of (95,400,000 results)   As for â€Å"anticipating an unplanned occurrence,† like a fire, a Google search indicates that the phrases occur about equally: in the event of emergency: 28,400,000 results   in case of emergency: 29,600,000 results   in case of fire: 22,700,000 results   in the event of fire: 19,600,000 results It seems clear that the two phrases are synonymous. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictProbable vs. PossibleTypes of Plots

Five Guy's Proposal Preparation Plan Term Paper

Five Guy's Proposal Preparation Plan - Term Paper Example To ensure maintenance of quality food service equipment’s, periodic renovations will be carried out. For taxation purposes and proper maintenance of books of accounts, a professional qualified head cashier will be responsible for the actions of junior cashiers. Insurance policies have to be designed. In the formulation of these policies, fire accidents must be given priority, taking into account the various forms of heat transmission that substitute the term fire. Injury of employees while in work or clients while at the work place must be considered as well. Therefore, in addressing these concerns, sub-contracting of services will be made. Cleaning services will be sub-contracted to a cleaning agency which must ensure the facilities are hygienic at all times. There will be consultations with employment agencies in search of qualified personnel for the different job levels. Consequently, consultations will involve more than one employment agency. In ensuring operator maintenan ce, in additional to the subcontracted maintainer, there will be a technician to keep the system in check who will report to the contracted maintainer. Condensed Proposal Plan Executive Summary My perceived business idea is establishing a quality food joint accessible to all. It will stand out from the neighboring joints in the following ways: Reasonable prices will be charged to accommodate all level of income earners, service will be available for 24 hours every day to cater for those who work on nightshifts, equal treatment of all clients regardless of background, these among others will be facilitated by the fact that all employees are carefully chosen and selected from the employment agencies (Murray, 2008). Thus, quality service will be one of the unique characteristic which will aid progress. The food firm is a cost center itself; customers are the only profit center. Every function will take customer satisfaction into consideration. Costs will be high before the implementati on of this idea; consequently, large amount of finances will be required, and their recovery will be made along the way. Management Team It will comprise of five professionals, who have experience in different fields. This will ensure efficient running of operations and adherence of laws (Finch, 2006). Service Provision of healthy foods to replace junk foods sold in the market. Prices of these foods will be reasonable compared to the current junk food prices in the market. Customer willingness to pay a slightly higher price for healthy cooked foods will increase sales. Market and competition Food is a basic necessity (Freed, 2010). Targeted customers are the general public. There are no major competitors, due to the absence of healthy foods outlet in this locality. The market is wide, eventually, branches will be established. Competitors might enter the market; as a result, patents and rights will be acquired prior to operations to avoid unhealthy competition. We will remain the lea der. Marketing and Sales Initially, print advertising will be employed. Word of mouth advertising will be employed by clients once they visit the joint. Investment in this will be minimal. Sales will be low at the beginning, promotion will be effected, as time progresses they will reach the break-even point with no difficulty. Production Process and System Production will encompass scientific food mixing

How the dindustry of great London impact on the environment of UK, Dissertation

How the dindustry of great London impact on the environment of UK, especially the southern England - Dissertation Example The paper tells that the rapid growth of industry during 19th century Great Britain drew increasing attention to the fragile link between environmental health risks and industrialisation. During 19th century Great Britain however, environmental safety was tied to public health rather than environmental safety and policies therefore focused on reducing pollutants that posed a risk to public safety. By the 20th century the shift toward emphasizing environmental values became more pronounced and was manifested by policies and practices aimed at managing industrial pollution. The focus on environmental values has culminated in a global society conscious of the need for sustainable development in industries with a view to reaping economic benefits today, but preserving the environment for future generations. The risk of environmental damages emanating from industrial accidents has also given way to policies relative to emergency response and clean-up practices and policies. London, like t he remainder of the UK is subject to a command and control regime promoted by the European Community (EC) Council Directive 2008 for Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC). Research findings indicate that despite the adoption of the command and control policies implicit in Council Directive 2008, the UK continues to suffer from a fragmented and inflexibly applied. However, there has been a growing awareness that some degree of self-regulation is necessary. (West, 2010). It will therefore be argued that officials and firm managers are well aware of the impact of industry on the environment, but are continuing to explore more efficient methods for minimizing the potential for and actual environmental damages. This research study demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of the current command and control policies and practices relative to the impact of Great London industry on the UK’s environment by exploring three areas of the literature. The first area sets out t he historical background and nature of environmental policies and practices in the UK. The second part analyses the current state of the law, policies of environmental protection as it relates to UK industries. The third area of analysis is the actual impact of Great London industry on the UK’s environment and how practices and policies are informed by history and contemporary environmental laws, practices and policies. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Chapter One 4 Introduction 4 Aims and Objectives 6 Research Questions 7 Research Methodology 8 Organization of the Study 8 Chapter Two 10 A Review of the Literature 10 Introduction 10 Industrialization and Environmental Risks 10 Conclusion 17 Chapter Three 18 Industrialization and Pollution in London 18 The Industrial Revolution and London’s Environment 18 Contemporary London’s Industry and the Environment 25 Conclusion 31 Chapter Four 33 The Impact of Industrial Activity in Greater London on the E nvironment in the UK and Especially South East England 33 Conclusion 37 Bibliography 38 Chapter One Introduction Law and policy makers at the international and national levels are continuously seeking ways to reconcile two conflicting objectives: economic growth and development and protection against environmental damages (Cameron & Abouchar, 1991). Despite efforts aimed at protecting the environment and at the same time, encouraging economic growth and development, concerns persists over the efficacy of balancing these two

Utilitarian vs Kantian Views on Hurricane Katrina Doctors and their Essay

Utilitarian vs Kantian Views on Hurricane Katrina Doctors and their Patients - Essay Example In this case, ethical guidelines will be followed; thus, success in providing services for the persons in question. As seen in the work of Rachels & Rachels (2011), Kantian ethics are founded on the thought that human beings are rational beings and have the capability of governing themselves. The authors also indicate that from the Kantian point of view all human beings have the right to be treated with deference and self-respect regardless of their affiliation (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). From this argument, it is evident that equality and freedom are major tenets of the Kantian ethical argument. On the other hand, utilitarianism ethical view argues that actions should be done for the great good of all persons (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). The view also indicates that all choices have consequences and that all actions will evaluated based on their consequences. From this ethical view, it is justified to indicate that the utilitarian view is consequential in nature as it makes sure that all ends are justified by their means (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). The ethical view also ensures that the overall welfare is maximized at all costs. For Hurricane Katrina, the utilitarian and Kantian views are relevant. Most importantly, since disasters present different conflicts of interests, response to disasters such as Hurricane Katrina need to be discussed if the common good has to be achieved. Regarding Hurricane Katrina, there was a general feeling that the greatest good was giving help that will suit the community at large. This is to mean that the benefits were to be maximized for the community. In regard to the utilitarian approach, the healthcare providers were seen to have a challenge of whether to care for the ones that were badly injured or deal with the patients that had the chances of surviving with proper treatment given to them at the required time (Morrison, 2009). In line with the utilitarian argument, the

Reply 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reply 1 - Coursework Example Unfortunately, he does not succeed in creating a creature that would be accepted by mankind and live harmoniously with other people. The wrath that the character possesses can be associated with harsh treatment that it receives from humans and lack of someone responsible to mentor it in acquiring social skills. It says, â€Å"All men hate the wretched; how then must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things!† (Shelley, ch.10, pg.83). Frankenstein fails to take responsibility for mentoring his creature to start thinking positively about its nature. He abandons it; a factor that exposes it to harsh treatment by other human beings, and also loneliness. Therefore, it starts to hate itself and humankind for the hardships of life that it experiences. Moreover, Frankenstein does not make any effort to defend his creature from being mistreated by other people within the society. He lets live miserably and starts blaming it for anything that goes wrong in his life. For instance, there is no substantial evidence to link the creature with the death of his brother. It is the hate that he has for the creature that makes him think that it handled the murder. He does not consider what if the creature visited the place where William died to mourn the death of its creator’s sibling because it would not be allowed to attend his burial

Glass Frames Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Glass Frames - Essay Example Initially glasses were for rectification of the eye problems, but the current situation several other glasses types are made either for fashion or for specialized jobs such as the welding glasses or polarized marine glasses. Glass lens has been in use for a long time, but the use of plastic lenses is of recent times beginning in 1952. The success of plastic was based on the inability to break. Over time, the material of choice has changed to plastic, but glass lenses are common. Currently, the process of manufacture has been customized enabling production on site (Greeff and Ghoshal, ,2004, p. 89). The raw material being â€Å"blanks† which are plastics formed to close to exact size by the optical laboratory. Market need The glasses demand has been changing significantly with the initial use being superseded with other uses. Traditionally they were use for study and called the reading glasses, but the situation has change and in 2008 majority of shopping of glasses was based o n fashion buys. Today it is common to see in the society sunglasses and some other types of glasses used either for fun or in functions such as funerals. The use of glasses has increased thus increasing demand for fashion glasses among other glass types. The demand has increased for eye glass thus creating the need for the manufacture of glasses. The demand is of the Eye glasses is evidenced by the increased in number of production units throughout the world. Customer’s requirement for frames Frame component Customer need No of respondent Importance Lug/End pieces Strong and durable to hold hinges 3500 Improves durability of the eye glasses Arm length Comfortable, strong and fitting 3490 Improves on the use of the glass and lead to the increased Ergonomics bridge Strong and rigid to hold lenses without failure and 3500 For proper functioning of the glasses Nose pads Soft to support the weight of the eye glasses while cushioning the impact of the weight on the nose 3498 Ensure s no injury t the nose while improving comfort ability of the eye glasses Total participants in market survey 3500 From the market research done on the quality of the eye glasses frames, It is evident that durability, and comfort are the important aspects of the final product. The desired quality by the customer affects the material choice, as such, for the eye glasses frames. The first choice material is Flexon an alloy which not only meets the customer’s specifications but also has the flexibility to return to the original form conditions termed as memory’ factor. Product design specifications The Eyeglass frames are available in an immense variety and sizes and comprise of several parts, which may not be joined together directly, but are vital in the performance of the glasses. The material of construction of the frames of the Eyeglass has been changing significantly with recent materials being indestructible whilst making the product light and comfortable in the pr ocess. Frame front: the front part that holds the lenses in place while bridging the nose thus connecting the two lenses Rims: are also called the Eye wires, they surround the edges of the lenses thus holding them in place. The lenses are usually inserted into the rims. This part may not be important today because glasses can be produced without it. Bridge: as the name suggests, it is the part that joins the two lenses over the nose and usually support 90% of the weight of the glasses. End

Careers in Recruitment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Careers in Recruitment - Term Paper Example aper has been structured in a way to first illustrate the interviewer’s expected answers in response to his own questions followed by the interviewee’s actual response to the questions asked. The response answers all the questions in the appendix in a chronological order. The HR coordinator is a HR professional who does various tasks related to the HR department and maintains effective communication and coordination among the concerned individuals. According to the requirements of a job of HR coordinator with HRC Associates mentioned in (CaribbeanJobs.com, 2010), a HR coordinator should at least have a bachelor degree in Human Resources Management. As the name implies, the HR coordinator serves to develop meaningful coordination among the parties involved. Besides, he also maintains and updates staff record on various levels that include attendance, issues with accommodation and length of experience. The HR coordinator works directly under the project manager. The HR coordinator should have excellent communicative skills and should be well versed with the use of computer and other administrative softwares. He should be active and present-minded. Sometimes, the HR coordinator may be involved in such administrative tasks by the project manager as writi ng minutes of meetings and advertising. A HR coordinator is fundamentally responsible to correspond interview dates and issue appointment letters to the employees. The initial period of employees’ settlement in the company’s environment and the accommodation is very critical and the HR coordinator assumes a very important role in those days. It is his duty to ensure that the employees are provided with all the facilities and necessities so that they take minimum time to adjust in the company. It is perhaps, the most important part of the HR coordinator’s duties to maintain the attendance and leave record of all the employees. The project manager sees the HR coordinator as a multi-talented person and may

Glass Frames Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Glass Frames - Essay Example Initially glasses were for rectification of the eye problems, but the current situation several other glasses types are made either for fashion or for specialized jobs such as the welding glasses or polarized marine glasses. Glass lens has been in use for a long time, but the use of plastic lenses is of recent times beginning in 1952. The success of plastic was based on the inability to break. Over time, the material of choice has changed to plastic, but glass lenses are common. Currently, the process of manufacture has been customized enabling production on site (Greeff and Ghoshal, ,2004, p. 89). The raw material being â€Å"blanks† which are plastics formed to close to exact size by the optical laboratory. Market need The glasses demand has been changing significantly with the initial use being superseded with other uses. Traditionally they were use for study and called the reading glasses, but the situation has change and in 2008 majority of shopping of glasses was based o n fashion buys. Today it is common to see in the society sunglasses and some other types of glasses used either for fun or in functions such as funerals. The use of glasses has increased thus increasing demand for fashion glasses among other glass types. The demand has increased for eye glass thus creating the need for the manufacture of glasses. The demand is of the Eye glasses is evidenced by the increased in number of production units throughout the world. Customer’s requirement for frames Frame component Customer need No of respondent Importance Lug/End pieces Strong and durable to hold hinges 3500 Improves durability of the eye glasses Arm length Comfortable, strong and fitting 3490 Improves on the use of the glass and lead to the increased Ergonomics bridge Strong and rigid to hold lenses without failure and 3500 For proper functioning of the glasses Nose pads Soft to support the weight of the eye glasses while cushioning the impact of the weight on the nose 3498 Ensure s no injury t the nose while improving comfort ability of the eye glasses Total participants in market survey 3500 From the market research done on the quality of the eye glasses frames, It is evident that durability, and comfort are the important aspects of the final product. The desired quality by the customer affects the material choice, as such, for the eye glasses frames. The first choice material is Flexon an alloy which not only meets the customer’s specifications but also has the flexibility to return to the original form conditions termed as memory’ factor. Product design specifications The Eyeglass frames are available in an immense variety and sizes and comprise of several parts, which may not be joined together directly, but are vital in the performance of the glasses. The material of construction of the frames of the Eyeglass has been changing significantly with recent materials being indestructible whilst making the product light and comfortable in the pr ocess. Frame front: the front part that holds the lenses in place while bridging the nose thus connecting the two lenses Rims: are also called the Eye wires, they surround the edges of the lenses thus holding them in place. The lenses are usually inserted into the rims. This part may not be important today because glasses can be produced without it. Bridge: as the name suggests, it is the part that joins the two lenses over the nose and usually support 90% of the weight of the glasses. End

Movie response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie response paper - Essay Example It shows how the salient players like the Treasury Secretary, Henry Paulson, Ben Bernanke, the then Chairman of the Federal Reserve, and corporate bigwigs like Dick Fuld, John Thain and Lloyd Blankfein engaged in intense strategic bargaining, planning and machinations to prevent the national financial system from falling down on its knees. The primary premise of the movie is that it was indeed imperative and pragmatic to rescue the ailing banks and financial institutions by making them gel with the healthy ones, and the direct capital bailouts facilitated by the then government through contriving supportive statutory measures were necessary and must. Too Big to Fail does help the audience put the whole economic crisis into context by assigning to it a human face. It to a large extent accurately showcases the chain of events that preceded and followed this debacle and as to how the important state and corporate personalities tried to manage the much feared fall. The movie does manage to weave the basic dynamics underlying the 2008 meltdown with apt clarity and accuracy and does show as to how some of the most important people whom the Americans trusted the national economy with, acted in a selfish, irresponsible and unprofessional manner, which eventually precipitated an economy riding on the illusory real estate boom. However, contrary to the perceptions of many common citizens, Too Big to Fail does not present these people in a negative light, but rather presents them as individuals who merely made some mistakes. In that sense the movie is somewhat soft on the very people who actually created that crisis. For example, even Richard Fuld, the CEO of Lehman, who was a prime player in the speculative financial machinations that added to the overall debacle, is portrayed as a sincere manager working hard to save the organization he worked for. Yet, in a historical context, the movie does try to set aside the emotive content marking the

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Later on the monster compares himself to Adam Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam. Just like Adam the monster was created by god ( creating life ) which is ironic because this is the figure which people believe Viktor is trying to idolise himself to. In the society they lived in they were very religious and the fact that it werent god who created the monster this would be seen as sinful. It also shows a moral meaning and relation to: ` Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? (John Milton, paradise lost). This quotation is asking did I ask to be made at the same time saying there evil-the maker, like what the monster is trying to get victor to see. Shelley chooses this metaphor to show that the monster wishes to belong his creator. The reader feels sympathy here because we get the impression that the monster is lost or unloved, longing for some sense of family. The monsters explanation of his treatment by man All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things. Here the monster mentions how he has suffered pain by man; he believes Viktor wishes him to suffer further as a type of punishment. The reader sympathises with the monster due to his previous treatment by man, we believe it is Viktor who should be made to suffer. We get a real sense of the monsters loneliness when he asks Viktor to make him a female companion like him so he can be loved for once. At the end dramatic language makes the reader feel sorry for the monster, I shall die and I shall no longer feel the agonies that consume me. This makes you feel sorry for him because hed rather die and has to pity himself because no one else does. Furthermore the monsters feelings come across strongly when he says he is doomed. I shall collect my funeral pile and consume to ashes this miserable frame. This is so sad because he is planning his own funeral! Mary Shelley was trying to make people shouldnt judge by looks its the person within that counts. She was also trying to suggest that people cant be born evil its how they are nurtured which develops their personality; I think Mary did get the message across quite clearly. She first came around about writing the novel in a villa in the setting Swiss mountains and the lakes where there was always a stimulating conversation. Lord Byron suggested they all tell ghost stories to one another as an added incentive they decided to turn into a competition to see who could come up with the scariest novel. But Mary went on to develop her short tale she came up with that night into a full novel which got published in (her version) in 1823. Like the people she was surrounded by Mary had a particular keen interest in science which is what her novel is based around. Darwin was a respected poet and scientist amongst Marys family and when he studied a piece of vermicelli within a glass jar make voluntary actions of its own. This triggered the thought that corpses could be re-animated. Some say the novel can be classed as a `romantic novel` Margaret Drabble defined romanticism as: an extreme assertion of the self and The value of individual experience The stylistic keynote is intensity, and its Watchword is imagination. I think this suits to what we know about Mary Shelleys parents. I thought the novel is slightly complicated and takes a lot of time to understand the meanings behind it but overall a well balanced, out of the ordinary but reasonably interesting novel. It shows what people were like in that time and straight away more a less within the first few chapters I was sympathising with the monster and my feelings towards the characters matched that of what Mary Shelley was trying to get across without blatantly saying it. Well it certainly aroused a selection of scientists and philosophers when it was first published and I think still to this day it makes people think and worry about these concepts becoming reality but not to the extremes of the riots and outrages they were back in the days it was published. It shows outrageous ideas in a more meaningful way and perhaps one day it might come true. Young adults like myself slightly naive to the laws of science, a book like this fuels the imagination and makes the impossible seem possible. Loved this book. ` Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Chocolate Brand Expansion into India

Chocolate Brand Expansion into India Submitted by: Sanjay Sharma   Whittakers is a New Zealand based chocolate company, owned and operated by Whittakers family since 1896. This chocolate brand is one of the most popular and trustworthy brand in the country, all the products are made in their own factory located in Wellington. The company exports its chocolate products to countries like Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Middle East and so on. This evaluation report targets India as its international market, focusing on possibilities of international business trade for Whittakers chocolate brand. Analysis through market research helps a business to understand the kind of the products and services that can help an organization to earn profit and meet customers expectations. PESTLE Analysis:   Ã‚   PESTLE analysis is a popular business tool utilize to understand the external factors that can affect a business or an organization, say, political or economic factors. Political factors: India: India, one of the worlds largest democracies functions through a federal government. The business environment in the country gets affected by multifarious factors say governments policies, ideologies and interests of political figures. The political environment in the country can be considered cyclic as the elections are conducted in every few years and there are chances that the selected political party can be different from the previously elected one. New Zealand: New Zealand follows democracy strongly creating an environment to business steadily. Here the political system is stable however the Queen supremacies but the government rules. The country offers a supportive tax guidelines for investing and growing a business. Observation: Both the countries follow democracy system of government, though India has a huge population so the chances prediction of political environment gets really tough. Because of re-election process the political factor is least predictable as the rules and regulations can be changed or updated for upward mobility. Economic factors: India: 25 years ago, India embarked on a journey of economic liberalization, opening its doors to globalization and market forces. According to a report by International Monetary Fund, the countrys GDP is said to grow by 7.4 percent in the year 2016-17, which will make it the fastest-growing large economy in the world. (Madgavkar, 2016) New Zealand: Social factors: India: A pleasant arrangement of increasing disposable incomes, changing standard of living and a young populations rising liking for indulgence has transformed the country as the fastest growing chocolate market globally. The chocolate industry in India is growing nearly by 20% every year. (Karnik, 2015)India hold a majority proportion of young people, according to CIA, median age in India was 27.3 years in 2015.Indias urban ranges make a noteworthy commitment to the nations economy. Albeit short of what 33% of Indias population live in urban communities and towns, these zones produce more than 66% of the nations GDP and record for 90% of the administrations incomes. Accordingly, urban territories have been developing quickly, with a solid inundation from the rustic populace. New Zealand: New Zealands economy is greatly reliant on exchange with different nations. Change in outside request may influence the nations monetary circumstance. The nation has bring down spending in RD exercises bringing about outside reliance for new innovation. New Zealand has distinctive culture just like the significantly Christian ruled religion. Along these lines, amid Christmas and different celebrations, New Zealand is altogether extraordinary, for example, utilization and imports of nourishments and refreshment and electronic contraptions increment amid merry season. Future rate is progressively and death rate is low in New Zealand which is useful for nation however not consider so great at association forthcoming in light of the fact that in New Zealand, after retirement, without doing any work individuals get annuity, tip subsidize till long time which influence organization benefit. Technological factors: India: There has been huge sustainable change in technological sector in India, the number of institutions has increased within past years in the country. Also there is easy availability of 3G and 4G network in most places in the country. Considering total number of startups including both tech and non tech areas the country. As far as aggregate number of new businesses, including both tech and non-tech regions, India again figured among the five biggest has on the planet, alongside China (10,000). IT center point Bengaluru is host to 26 for each penny of household tech new businesses, trailed by Delhi NCR (23 for every penny) and Mumbai (17 for each penny). In the making up for lost time class were Hyderabad (8 for each penny), Chennai and Pune (6 for every penny each). (PTI, 2016) New Zealand: The country has made noteworthy development in numerous technological products. India is one of the largest and fastest growing economy globally, the country represents enormous chances for line of work and is a significance association for the New Zealand Government. The innovation area is New Zealands quickest developing part and backings a huge number of employments. Sends out have multiplied in the course of recent years and are currently worth more than $6 billion. Inside this, the advanced economy and the weightless division is currently assessed to be worth $1.3 billion. It is the nations third biggest fare worker behind dairy and tourism and addresses each other real market section. (Macleod) Legal and Environmental factors: India: An exhaustive lawful and administrative system has made it feasible for business elements in India to flourish. Later charge changes, for example, the usage of VAT, have been fruitful and have expanded aberrant duty accumulations in the nation. The fund service has proposed the execution of the Direct Tax Code (DTC), which means to extend charge pieces and negate the various assessment exceptions that are at present set up. Merchandise and enterprises charge (GST), a far reaching backhanded tax collection framework, is likewise anticipated that would be executed in the close term. Changes in both direct and aberrant duties would supplement the administration assess income considerably by extending the expense base instead of expanding the expense rates. (MarketLine) New Zealand: India is the seventh biggest nation on the planet, and Asias second biggest country, with a zone of 3,287,263 sq. km. In spite of having just 2.5% of the worlds property range, India represents 7-8% of comprehensively recorded species. The nation is among the 12 uber biodiversity areas of the world, which are accepted to be home to 60-70% of worldwide biodiversity. India has almost 2,400 known types of creatures of land and water, fowls, warm blooded creatures, and reptiles, of which 18.4% are boundless. Of these, 10.8% are debilitated. The nation is home to almost 19,000 types of vascular plants, of which 26.8% are endemic. There are a huge number of advantages of biodiversity including solutions, mechanical materials, and the arrangement of environmental administrations. (MarketLine) In 2011 Prime Minister John Key propelled the NZ Inc. India Strategy, an arrangement for India to wind up distinctly a center exchange, financial and political accomplice for New Zealand. The NZ-India FTA is a significant stride toward accomplishing that objective. New Zealand and India as of now appreciate a solid relationship. India was New Zealands tenth biggest exchanging accomplice in the year to June 2016, with aggregate exchange products and enterprises worth more than NZ$2.5 billion. Fares to India were worth NZ$1.7 billion (NZ$656 million in products, NZ$1 billion in administrations) with imports worth NZ$821 million (NZ$591 million in merchandise, NZ$230 million in administrations). More than 10,000 Indian understudies came to ponder in New Zealand in 2015, and another 35,000 Indian vacationers went by that year. There are well more than 100,000 Indian nationals inhabitant in New Zealand. (New Zealand-India FTA, n.d.) There are certain possible benefits to this agreement, it can create an improved access in the Indias enormous market focusing on the developing middle class and also it will create vast opportunity in various New Zealands service sector say, tourism, environmental. Certain clashes like competitors like Cadbury and other well settled brand can be faced. Moreover vegetable fats can be a content for chocolates internationally but in India doing so is not permitted. Certain number of companies have faced issues as they did not fir the Indian standard requirements. Social Media: Internet systems administration is incredibly being utilized these days. Online headways ought to be conceivable by method for Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Blogger and so forth. We can make web diaries, we can make page on Facebook and Twitter. This will help us to exhibit our things among youth masses. Posting progressions on goals that get overpowering human affiliation is one approach to manage get the word out about your business, for example, we can use Facebook having broadcasting programs with headways only fitted to a specific measurement masses. These promotions appear to be recently adjacent profiles that meet the inspirations driving your things objective business section. In like way, we can use Google AdWords association to post online advertisements this organization is extraordinarily to post advancements. E-mail: Email is the current electronic media to send message. It is a way to deal with bestow people wherever all through the world for the span of the day and night without holding up the beneficiary to wake up and making himself appear. It can send messages to numerous people in a matter of moments. It can in like manner send records, photos or even video cuts. Radio and Television: These two are the wellspring of data. They give us the most recent data in the state of news and commercials and furthermore a wellspring of excitement for us. Telecommunication:    Media transmission is the most imperative method of correspondence. It builds up direct connection between two gatherings situated at better places and whenever. Telephone utility was begun in 1881 in India however in the most recent two decades, there has been gigantic development in media transmission division. India has now the biggest media transmission arrange in Asia. Moreover cellular services are at boom in the country.

Car Vs SUV Essays -- essays research papers

Technology has brought many luxuries to people. The invention of the automobile has brought convenience to everyday living. People use their vehicles to commute to work, school, home, and other events. Some people cannot even imagine living life without the use of an automobile. People have different tastes in the type of automobile that they drive; the automotive industry has made several different ways to commute. The car and the sports utility vehicle seem to be the most common types. The sports utility vehicle is inferior to the car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sports utility vehicles harm the environment more then cars do. It takes more gas to fill up these vehicles, and the big engines consume it as if they’re where no tomorrow. The weight of the vehicle also contributes heavily to this consumption since it needs to burn more fuel to drive it. The sports utility vehicle harms everybody with all of its emissions that it emits into the environment. However, driving a car does not bring the emissions as high. The smaller engines and the lightweight of cars make them a Low Emissions Vehicle (LEV). Since cars produce less smog, the government has labeled them LEV. This allows people to be able to travel the same distance while producing fewer emissions. In return, the environment is much cleaner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety is another issue that makes the sports utility vehicle inferior to the car. The number of deaths with people driving the sports utility v...

The Influence of Television in Politics

The Influence of Television in Politics Kendra Harris Brigham Young University- Idaho Author Note This paper was prepared for Professor Kiersten Lee’s FDENG 201 class. The Influence of Television in Politics â€Å"Americans are the best entertained and quite likely the least-informed people in the Western world. † (Postman, 1984, p. 2) While this statement is painfully ominous, its message is one that has been debated tirelessly since the dawn of technology. The influence of television in politics is one with strong advocates and opponents.There have been many studies and investigations into the effects of technology on the political world, and yet no conclusive evidence has come forth. (Rannay, 1985, p. 3) Despite this, it is no mystery that television has irrevocably changed politics in the past and now. The responsibility for this change does not lie solely with television or with the audience. What remains to be seen is whether this effect has been detrimental or be neficial to the political process. â€Å"Between 1947 and 1955, the percentage of American homes owning television sets rose from less than 1 to 65 percent; today, almost everybody has a TV set. † (Rannay, 1985, p. ) The television set became commercially available in the 1920s, but did not begin to have a political effect until the 1952 presidential campaign between Dwight D. Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson. While Stevenson did not approve of electronic campaigning, Eisenhower to took the screens, creating â€Å"short spot commercials to enhance his television image. † (Kaid, 1981, p. 47) These commercials helped Eisenhower to create an image that was friendly and charming, which eventually led to him winning the campaign. Since this pioneering campaign, â€Å"Every presidential campaign [†¦] has relied heavily on political television spots. Television campaigning dominates the political world, and 50-75% of all campaign budgets in the 1992 presidential campaign were devoted to TV spots, commercials, and shows. (Devlin, 1992, p. 12) Given this evidence, it is easy to conclude that the television is vital in modern politics, but one must take into account what political message the television is giving to the American audience. â€Å"Over the past five decades of political spot use, about one-third of all spots for presidential campaigns have been negative spots. † (Devlin, 1992, p. 12) The television, while useful, is used today primarily for entertainment.If something is not quick, easy, and fun, then it has no place on the television. Everything from court trials to private lives are put on the screen for personal enjoyment, and it is no different with politics. No longer do politicians need to provide in-depth answers to political questions, or prove to the American audience that their policies and platform are sound – they merely need to be liked. â€Å"In the age of television, people do not so much agree or disagree wit h politicians as they like or dislike them, for the image is not susceptible to verification or refutation, only to acceptance or rejection. (Postman, 1984, p. 3) There is no need for politicians to prove that they should be in the White House with their words, because Americans will judge them on their looks and character before ever listening to what they have to say. Of course, Americans would be lucky to even hear what politicians have to say. Most political speeches and debates are cut down to â€Å"soundbites, snippets of candidate messages or commentary excerpts,† (Kaid, 1981, p. 4) by news programs, newspapers, and online journals. By the 1980s, most presidential campaign coverage on news programs were cut down to soundbites of only about nine seconds.These soundbites catch the ‘best part’ of the presidential campaign, resulting in â€Å"television news coverage that concentrates more on candidate images, ‘horserace’ journalism (who’s winning, who’s losing, opinion poll results), and campaign strategy than on issue concerns. † (Kaid, 1981, p. 4) Americans are so used to seeing the bare bones of political campaigns that they no longer search for the meat in issues. Instead, they just skim over politics, taking in a few stories here and there (mostly the more controversial stories that get more media coverage) and make their decision as to who will be president.Despite the accomplishments of television and the media â€Å"[†¦] their news departments tend to operate as [a] show-business. † (Goodman, 1994, n. p. ) Just like in show business, anything slow and detailed is boring in television, and so Americans greedily gobble up light dishes of insignificant facts, leaving the heavier business of issue concerns to others. This â€Å"[†¦] condition is chronic and has become painfully evident in the late political season [†¦] A medium that has shown it can bring information and even ideas effectively to millions is reduced every two years to a tool for stirring up emotions and shutting down minds. (Goodman, 1994, n. p. ) But enough of this depressing business for a moment; let us discuss why we are allowing ourselves to become so politically lazy. The social stigma of a lazy American is common but is not necessarily true. So why do so many Americans allow themselves to be swept up in political frenzy, eventually making bad decisions that lead to bad government? The answer is in the way we think. As Americans become exposed to more and more information the ability to think deeply and comprehensively is lost.In modern times, â€Å"the advantages of having immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of information are many, and they’ve been widely described and duly applauded. † (Carr, 2008, p. 2) Carr continues to say though, that having access to this amount of information comes at a price. Americans are getting their information from the med ia, but our information does not come from an inert source. New programs control what political information we have access to, and politicians live in a world where â€Å"they can’t control the message. † (Negaunee, 2006, n. p. Instead of being given in depth messages from candidates, news programs give us small scraps of information. As we learn snippets of information over many years, we begin to think in snippets of information, and we slowly lose our ability and â€Å"capacity for concentration and contemplation. My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles. † (Carr, 2008, p. 2) The television is no different from the Net in this regard, and so Americans now expect a ‘steady stream’ of politics, without any effort needed in order to know everything about political candidates.The true grit of politics – the issues, the questions, the problems, the things that matter â₠¬â€œ are not included in this steady stream. And so Americans, by our own actions, avoid the deep facts. We make decisions based on half-truths and unsearched details- decisions that shape our government. Without the ability to think and study issues for ourselves, we rely heavily on a candidate’s looks, charisma, and coverage in order to make our decision. Today, we are merely vessels for voting, â€Å"deprive[d] of independent thought. † (Huxley, 1958, p. ) As Aldous Huxley states, â€Å"Today the art of mind-control is in process of becoming a science. The practitioners of this science know what they are doing and why. † (Huxley, 1958, p. 2) While mind control may seem a little far-fetched right now, we as Americans are allowing ourselves to be controlled by our televisions, controlled by newscasters and programs that know exactly what they are doing when they give us inaccurate and biased information. Perhaps one of the best examples for showing the affect o f television on politics is the presidential election of 1960.The race was between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon. The first televised debate of this candidacy brought very different reactions between those who watched it on the television, and those who heard it on the radio. â€Å"A survey of those who listened to the debate on radio indicated that Nixon had won; however, those who watched on television, and were able to contrast Nixon's poor posture and poorly shaven face with Kennedy's poise and grace, were more likely to think Kennedy had won the debate. † (Stephens, n. d. , n. . ) There is no saying who would have been a better president, or who was more qualified for the role, but this evidence shows that television heavily influenced the audience’s opinion of the candidates. Those who watched the debate on the television preferred the more attractive portrait of JFK versus that of the less attractive Nixon. Those on the radio – the ones who actuall y listened to the debate versus watching the people – felt that Nixon had won because his policies and debating skills overpowered those of JFK.This poses the question: would Nixon have won if there had been no television? Should JFK have won based on his good looks? And perhaps, we must ask the most ominous question of all: Do we want people elected as president based merely on good looks and a warm personality, or do we want them elected based on excellent policies and management skills? All of this seems a little extravagant and paranoid and yet the evidence rings true. We as Americans let looks and personality get in the way of actual politics and brains when it comes to a political election.Undoubtedly, the television has detrimentally affected politics. It has changed the way we think, and have made us intellectually lazy. It has changed the way we vote, making us vote based on superfluous details versus cold hard facts. Television is not completely to blame though, for Americans have played their part in allowing themselves to become lazy. The only solution to the political epidemic sweeping the nation is to change the way we think. In order to do this, we must first change the source of our information. The solution is not to bemoan technology but to develop strategies of self-control, as we do with every other temptation in life. † (Pinker, 2010, p. 2) As we force ourselves to seek complete and unbiased information by watching complete debates, reading platforms, and studying issues (or, if we cannot find unbiased information, at least studying the biased information on both sides of an issue to get the full story), we will be able to make well-informed decisions. As we seek the truth, news programs will begin to catch on that the audience demands more complete information, and we will begin to get what we crave.Only when we have the true report about politics will we be able to make better decisions regarding government and better our li ves. References: Carr, N. (2008) Is google making us stupid? In W. Brugger, D. Hammond, M. K. Hartvigsen, A. Papworth & R. Seamons (Eds. ), The way of wisdom (p. 1-8). Rexburg, ID, BYU-Idaho. Retrieved January 16, 2012, from http://ilearn. byui. edu Huxley, A. (1958) Propaganda under a dictatorship. In W. Brugger, D. Hammond, M. K. Hartvigsen, A. Papworth & R. Seamons (Eds. ), The way of wisdom (p. 1-5). Rexburg, ID, BYU-Idaho.Retrieved January 16, 2012, from http://ilearn. byui. edu Kaid, L. (1981) Political advertising. In D. Nimmo and K. R. Sanders (Eds. ), Handbook of political communication. Beverly Hills: Sage. Nagourney, A. (2006) Politics faces sweeping change via the web. New York Times. Retrieved January 23, 2012 from http://www. nytimes. com/2006/04/02/washington/ 02campaign. html? pagewanted=all Pinker, S. (2010) Mind over mass media. In W. Brugger, D. Hammond, M. K. Hartvigsen, A. Papworth & R. Seamons (Eds. ), The way of wisdom (p. 1-4). Rexburg, ID, BYU-Idaho.Retrieve d January 16, 2012, from http://ilearn. byui. edu Postman, N. (1984) Amusing ourselves to death. In W. Brugger, D. Hammond, M. K. Hartvigsen, A. Papworth & R. Seamons (Eds. ), The way of wisdom (p. 1-4). Rexburg, ID, BYU-Idaho. Retrieved January 16, 2012, from http://ilearn. byui. edu Ranney, A. (1985) Channels of power: the impact of television on American politics. (pp. 1-7). New York: Basic Books. Stephen, M. (n. d. ) History of television. New York University. Retrieved January 23, 2012 from http://www. nyu. edu/classes/stephens/History%20of%20Television%20page. htm

Multiple Questions On Issues Of Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Suppose you are taking a class in Strategic Sustainable Development. One of your co-workers, who works for a company as a Director of Sustainable Development, calls you up and inquire what you are larning about. Please list five ( 5 ) broad/overarching constructs that you could utilize to depict the nucleus of Strategic Sustainable Development. ( 5 points ) Note: it is non necessary to depict them, merely list them. The FSSD is a generic model for planning and decision-making for accomplishing success in a system of socio-ecological sustainability. Based on scientifically-based rules ( discussed below ) and systems believing, the FSSD supports decision-making in conditions of high complexness, acknowledging the mutuality of the natural universe and society. It can function as compass to steer society towards a sustainable hereafter ; a scheme for sustainability can be developed which links scientific cognition to decision-making. The FSSD has five distinct, non-overlapping degrees: system, success, strategic guidelines, actions and tools. By utilizing the FSSD together with a principles-based definition of sustainability, it becomes possible to judge how actions can be strategically planned and prioritized to travel an organisation and society towards sustainability. Based on a common linguistic communication and apprehension in order to ease cooperation, toA communicate efficaciously, construct consensus and finally travel toward a vision, the FSSD provides a shared mental theoretical account of sustainability. Because it uses an upstream attack, the FSSD anticipates and avoids jobs before they occur, instead than responding to their downstream effects. B – Scientific foundations of FSSD The FSSD is a scientifiA ­cally strict Framework ; scientific foundations ( e.g. Torahs of thermodynamics, energy, information, photosynthesis, biogeochemical rhythms, mutuality of species, system kineticss, cyclic rule and biogeochemical rhythms ) are used to deduce the basic rules of ecological and societal sustainability. C – Metaphor of the Cylinder and the Funnel In its whole-systems position, the FSSD uses the metaphor of the Cylinder and the Funnel to exemplify the blemished readings and tendencies about current world, jobs with our current industrial system and the challenges of sustainability. The funnel helps to visualise the economic, societal and environmental force per unit areas that impinge on society as natural resources and ecosystem services are depleted and diminution while planetary population grows in figure and there is an of all time increasing ingestion of those resources and heightened demand for those services. D – Four Sustainability Principles ( SP ) and the Model of Nine Universal Human Needs The four, first-order Sustainability Principles ( SP ) of the FSSD clearly spell out what ecological and societal conditions must be in order for a society and hence, for development, to be sustainable now and in the hereafter. Understood within SP 4 is a theoretical account of the nine cosmopolitan human needs as defined by the Chilean economic expert Manfred Max-Neef, every bit good as the interrelatednesss between human demands, wants, satisfiers, and pathologies/poverties. E – Backcasting and the ABCD Methodology Backcasting from sustainability rules ( be aftering from success ) is a tool used in the FSSD. First a vision of success is defined and so a spread analysis, utilizing the lens of sustainability is performed, which so helps specify schemes and prioritized actions that work toward shuting the spread. In the ABCD Methodology – First measure ( A ) understanding how to use Backcasting from Principles to the system for analyses of measure ( B ) current patterns and measure ( C ) solutions/visions and ( D ) prioritized actions to make a scheme to accomplish success. In measure ( D ) , actions are prioritized to guarantee that all selected actions areA ( 1 ) moving in the right way ( towards sustainability ) , ( 2 ) A flexible platforms that avoid dead-end investings, and ( 3 ) good concern determinations ( i.e. offer anA equal return on investing ) . InA Chapter 1 ofA Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability, the writer makes frequent reference usage of the words systematic and consistently to depict difference between the cylinder paradigm and the funnel paradigm.A For illustration:AIn the cylinder paradigm: it is believed that socio / ecological impacts come and go. In the funnel paradigm: in world society is on a downhill class – the very conditions of societal / ecological public assistance are being consistently undermined. In the cylinder paradigm: it is believed that societal / ecological impacts are stray events. In the funnel paradigm: in world societal / ecological impacts are interconnected through systematic mistakes of social design.AWhy are the words consistently and systematic of import to do the differentiation between the two paradigms? ( 4 points ) The job of unsustainability ( as represented by the funnel metaphor ) is that the negative impacts we see from our unsustainable manner of life are due to an underlying â€Å" systemic mistake of social design † that will go on to decline. In the current theoretical account of industrial organisation and neoclassical economic sciences, society at big is organized in such a manner that the environmental impacts – pollution, loss of biodiversity, nursery gas emanations etc. – will go on to increase every bit long as society continues on the same paradigm of development. Equally long as the systemic mistakes continue, the conditions for ecological and societal endurance and prosperity will go on to worsen consistently. The funnel metaphor represents a systems theory manner of thought, which understands the rule operation of the ecological and societal systems, acknowledging the mutuality of the natural universe and society. Why were the System Conditions developed harmonizing to the standards of ( I ) necessary, ( two ) sufficient, ( three ) distinct, ( four ) general, ( V ) concrete and ( six ) science-based? ( 2 points ) In order to be successful and widely accepted as legitimate and valid, the system conditions must be necessary ( required in order to accomplish the planning aim, i.e. , sustainability ) and sufficient ( to cover all facets of the aim ) , distinguishable ( to enable comprehension and facilitate development of indexs for monitoring and appraisal ) general ( to construction all social activities relevant to sustainability and do sense for all stakeholders ) , concrete ( to steer job resolution and actions, serve as a usher in job analysis and solutions ) , and science-based. ( proven, scientifically robust theoretical account, based on systems believing and scientific foundations ( e.g. Torahs of thermodynamics, energy, information, photosynthesis, biogeochemical rhythms, mutuality of species, system kineticss, cyclic rule and biogeochemical rhythms ) from which are derived the basic rules of ecological and societal sustainability ) . What does it intend to be â€Å" strategic † ? ( 1 point ) Part of a decision-making procedure in which picks are made, a scheme is a program of prioritising actions in order to accomplish a peculiar end. Once an organisation has established its purpose/mission/vision of an idealised hereafter, it can choose policies and actions within that scheme to travel an organisation towards accomplishing that end. If we have a clearly principled position of a hereafter sustainable society, so we have a position on which we can strategize – base our determinations on strategic guidelines which direct us on the best manner to continue in order to accomplish success in the system, i.e. sustainability. In the FSSD, together with a principles-based definition of sustainability, it becomes possible to judge how actions can be strategically planned and prioritized to travel an organisation and society towards sustainability. If each of the actions below were done in an on-going mode, which Sustainability Principle would be affected? Please fill in the space with the primary Sustainability Principle that the action contributes to, i.e. 1, 2, 3, or 4 ( Write one SP merely for each reply ) . ( 0.5 point each, 5 points entire ) ___3___ overharvesting of fish ___3___ development of fertile land into urban substructure ___2___ release of antibiotics into rivers ___1___ leaching of mined Cd from batteries ___2___ release of methane from cattles ( if one considers that a concentration of methane occurs because of a human activity – herding cowss to back up a meat based diet in surplus of the natural ecosystem ‘s capacity to absorb the inordinate waste this produces ) ___2___ fertiliser run-off that leads to the overrun of algae in nearby lakes ___4 __ deficiency of development of a health care system ___1___ leaking of U from mining operations ___3___ extraction of groundwater at rates that exceed natural refilling ___4___ insecure on the job conditions The Brundtland definition of sustainable development is â€Å" to run into the demands of today without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands † ( Brundtland, 1987 ) . Explain how this includes the construct of ecological sustainability. ( 2 points ) Though it is non explicitly stated, ecological sustainability is a cardinal constituent of the Brundtland definition ; all facets of human being and survival – the ability to run into human demands – are integrated with the sustainability of feasible ecological systems. In a systems theoretical account of thought, what happens in one portion of a system affects every other portion. The Brundtland definition is equal in some ways, but does non give counsel as to the design of such a society or how to accomplish this sustainability. It is non specific plenty nor does it hold the simpleness of the FSSD with the four, first-order Sustainability Principles ( SP ) which clearly spell out what ecological and societal conditions must be in order for a society and hence, for development, to be sustainable now and in the hereafter. In the sustainable society, nature is non capable to consistently increasing: concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth ‘s crust ( such as fossil fuels or metals ) , concentrations of substances produced by society ( such as chemical compounds, CFC ‘s, insect powders, and endocrine disrupters ) , debasement by physical agencies ( such as clear-cutting of woods and over-fishing ) Furthermore, in such a ( sustainable ) society, people are non capable to conditions that consistently: 4. undermine their capacity to run into their demands ( such as from the maltreatment of political and economic power ) . The FSSD asks – upstream at the first estimate in the concatenation of cause-and-effect, what are the primary mechanisms of human activities which set off unsustainable impacts downstream? The FSSD recognizes that downstream impacts are rooted in upstream mistakes of social design and operation. All ecological and societal sustainability jobs which society faces today can be attributed to misdemeanors of one or more of these four mechanisms, expressed by the 4 SP. If the society seeks to run into its demands now and in the hereafter, it must conform to the ecological restraints of the first three Sustainability rules, and conform to the social restraints of the 4th Sustainability Principle, so the resources must be adequate to win, in run intoing those demands. Please describe the constructs of a ‘tool ‘ and a ‘framework ‘ , what they are utile for and the difference between them ( 3 points ) A tool is a device that is necessary to, or expedites, a undertaking ; it can besides be a process or procedure used for a specific intent. A model is a basic conceptual construction, a shared mental theoretical account, for traveling an organisation towards accomplishing a end that it has established. A model should inform the choice and usage of tools to back up the model ; tools should be selected and used as needed at each phase. Within the construction established by a model, tools are frequently used to ease actions, gain necessary information, proctor actions and step advancement. The intent is to guarantee that actions are chosen strategically, so that the end ( success ) in the system is achieved. In the FSSD, â€Å" tools † is the 5th degree of the model. When â€Å" backcasting from rules of success † , a tool of the FSSD, is combined with another FSD tool, â€Å" the ABCD methodological analysis † , together they can be used as facilitation tool for analysis, brainstorming Sessionss, larning, vision development, plan design, leading and alteration. In be aftering for sustainable development, illustrations of other utile tools include indexs, direction systems, and life rhythm appraisals. If your co-worker asks you whether this Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development ( FSSD ) is better than other tools or constructs in sustainable development, how would you react? ( 2 points ) With a science-based definition of socio-ecological sustainability, based on systems believing – with four basic first-order Sustainability Principles – the FSSD is a really effectual planning methodological analysis ; it can be used for measuring current conditions, visioning an ideal hereafter, and developing effectual schemes and prioritized actions to accomplish that vision. FSSD is possibly a alone model in that it is, about by definition, a simple ( apprehensible ) yet comprehensive attack that encourages duologue, consensus-building and systems-thinking, all of which create the conditions which can ease profound alteration. The FSSD provides a procedure of continual acquisition that incorporates other methods, tools, and constructs into a shared, structured overview. By its upstream attack – understanding the broader system within which jobs occur every bit good as define the rules which govern success in that system – it becomes an priceless mental theoretical account. It can turn to those jobs at the beginning and turn those jobs into chances for invention, organisational alteration and success. When a practician understands the 5 degree FSSD, the 4 Sustainability Principles, Back-casting and the ABCD methodological analysis, and knows how to use them, that practician has a really powerful usher to voyage the many complexnesss of life sustainably in a complex system. a ) Please discuss the difference between a cardinal human demand, and satisfiers for those demands. Give 2 illustrations of each. ( 4 points ) The Chilean economic expert Manfred Max-Neef presents a different model for New Human Development. He stresses that it is of import that human demands are understood as a system – i.e. they are interrelated and synergistic. Max-Neef considers that human demands are â€Å" finite, few and distinctive † ( as distinct from the conventional impression that â€Å" wants † are infinite and insatiate ) . He defines these cardinal homo demands: subsistence, protection, fondness, apprehension, engagement, diversion ( in the sense of leisure, clip to reflect, or idling ) , creative activity, individuality and freedom. Max-Neef considers that these demands are changeless through all human civilizations and across historical clip periods, but what does alter over clip and between civilizations are the â€Å" satisfiers † – the manner these demands are satisfied. In this theoretical account, any unmet human demand generates â€Å" pathology † – poo rness. In his position, society today is sing corporate pathologies because of the graduated table and dimension of unsated, unmet human demands. Need: Satisfier: Subsistence Healthy balanced diet versus one of high fat, high Calorie, no foods which negatively impacts ecosystems Leisure Time to reflect/dream versus watching violent telecasting passively for long hours B ) Explain how this construct is helpful for sustainable development. ( 2 points ) Max-Neef ‘s definition of what human existences need, and what motivates them, is basically different from the presently held impression. If decision-makers operated harmonizing to his premises instead than those of most economic experts, so the picks they would do would be radically different. Alternatively of utilizing GNP which merely quantifies the economic growing of things and an ever-growing demand for finite natural resources, development must be about people and run intoing their cardinal human demands, non about material objects or money. For the intent of sustainable development, this presents a radically different manner of thought: a new index which quantifies the betterment in people ‘s lives is required and the best development procedure is the 1 that will guarantee the maximal addition in this index of betterment of people ‘s lives. With the Max-Neef theoretical account, sustainable development becomes to the full human-centric. In the yesteryear, the 4th system status for sustainability was worded: In a sustainable society, resources are used reasonably and expeditiously in order to run into basic human demands worldwide. Presently, it reads: In a sustainable society, people are non capable to conditions that consistently undermine their ability to run into their demands. What is the significance of the alteration in diction and what does this mean for be aftering? ( 2 points ) The 2nd diction is less equivocal and focuses more on the â€Å" human † versus â€Å" resource † constituent of the rule. As antecedently stated in the first diction, it is non clear how one quantifies what is a â€Å" just † and efficient † A useA of resources every bit good as what precisely are the basic demands worldwide. Who decides? How is this defined? Besides, the phrase is inactive, it is non clear – who meets the demands of worlds world-wide? In contrast, in the 2nd diction, people themselves decide what they need in order to run into their demands. In this 2nd diction, conditions are ensured so that each individual meets the demands that he/she defines. Another cardinal point is the inclusion of the word â€Å" consistently † which emphasizes the larger, holistic position – a systems believing theory of the status of sustainability, and how conditions are created or are undermined. Since the focal point is now on how worlds define and run into their ain demands, planning must concentrate on the users, non the resources, every bit good asA use a systems approachA to analysing, making and keeping sustainable conditions. See the following 2 sentences: Organization XYZ contributes to the misdemeanor of System Condition One byaˆÂ ¦ . Organization XYZ violates System Condition One byaˆÂ ¦ . Which give voicing would you utilize in a sustainability analysis of an organisation? Why? ( 2 points ) The diction of a ) is more appropriate to be used in an organisation ‘s sustainability analysis since it is understood that â€Å" lending † implies that other organisations are besides capable of â€Å" lending † , and that the behaviour of any one organisations is portion of a larger system of behaviour which can hold an impact on the 4SP. Give voicing a ) recognizes that Organization XYZ is non a exclusive histrion in go againsting the SP, there are others who besides â€Å" contribute † . Wording B ) is excessively across-the-board – no individual organisation can go against the 4SP by itself. The first measure an organisation must do in order to execute a sustainability analysis of itself is to interpret the sustainability principles into their ain organisational context. With an apprehension that the 4SP are minimum demands for sustainability, it is necessary to measure how it is already go againsting these 4SP and move first to be renewing, and so move to follow with the 4SP. If an organisation does non desire to do more jobs into the system, so a logical and ethically relevant recasting of the 4SP would be to add â€Å" non lend † in to the phrasing of the 4SP, which so gives counsel on how to continue towards accomplishing sustainability in conformity with the 4SP. Faculty 2: Applications of Strategic Sustainable Development 35 points Organizational Learning and Change a ) Please describe the construct of ‘Creative Tension ‘ and how it can be utile within Organizational Learning and Change towards sustainability. ( 2points ) Harmonizing to Peter Senge, originative tenseness is the cardinal rule of personal command and a cardinal constituent in personal every bit good as organisational acquisition and alteration. Creative tenseness comes from a â€Å" spread analysis † instead like the one in â€Å" backcasting from rules of success † , but on personal ( or can be, on an organisational ) graduated table. Creative tenseness comes from our clearly holding a vision of where we want to be in contrast to an accurate appraisal of our current world which does non make that vision. Awareness of that â€Å" spread † between the vision and the bing world causes that originative tenseness, which is the beginning of all originative energy. In a state of affairs of Organizational Learning and Change towards sustainability, leading to accomplish success in the system starts with a vision of ecological and societal sustainability in contrast to current unsustainable world ; this spread causes the originative tenseness, which can actuate personal and organisational alteration in order to change that unacceptable world. B ) Briefly describe the ‘personal-organizational moral force ‘ and give two grounds why it is of import to see when you are be aftering to travel strategically towards sustainability. ( 3 points ) There are two ways to decide originative tenseness, either by raising current world toward the vision, which requires alteration, or by take downing the vision toward current world. Persons, groups, and organisations that learn how to work with originative tenseness are better able to utilize this energy to travel world more faithfully toward their visions. Leading through originative tenseness is different than work outing jobs. In job resolution, the energy for alteration comes from trying to acquire away from an facet of current world that is unwanted ; the motive for alteration is extrinsic. With originative tenseness, the energy for alteration comes from the vision, from what we want to make, juxtaposed with current world. With originative tenseness, the motive is intrinsic and hence, more powerful and transformative. degree Celsius ) What are some of the organisational and perceptual challenges that organisations need to get the better of when transitioning towards sustainability? ( 4 points ) Some of the organisational and perceptual challenges that organisations would necessitate to get the better of when transitioning towards sustainability include: A failure to hold on the cardinal paradigm displacement that sustainable development requires. By keeping long-held mental theoretical accounts, organisations fail to basically change the ways in which they produce goods and services. Such organisations believe that sustainability merely involves better controls, fringy betterments, or other â€Å" efficiencies † within their existing, additive concern theoretical account, purely following authorities authorizations. Such patriarchal believing leads to a false sense of security and personal duty for sustainable behaviour is reduced. Many persons have the sense that the challenge of sustainability is non something that they can decide – that person else is taking attention of it ( or non ) . Unfortunately, it can be a belief that holding a particular Green commission or a peculiar individual who is indicated as being responsible for recycling, publicizing â€Å" Earth Day â€Å" events, etc. absolves each person from a ctively prosecuting in turn toing sustainability.A A Therefore there is missing both aA sense ofA personal concern and duty every bit good as a deficiency of comprehending that we each have the ability to do a difference, to convey about these necessary alterations Organizations do non integrate sustainability in their nucleus policies and processs. When an organisation maintains a â€Å" Silo † attack to turn toing issues related to environmental and societal concerns, sustainability is non integrated into all facets of the organisation ‘s activities. Lack of a clear vision about sustainability which is limited to merely following with required governmental authorizations, perpetuating the position quo, i.e. , â€Å" concern as usual † . Missing a systems theory apprehension of what causes unsustainability ; there is a focal point on symptoms and non the root causes of the jobs. Lack of sufficient information that is clear and can easy be understood which explains the negative facets of the current additive production paradigm and the neoclassical economic theoretical account which have brought us to the current unsustainable conditions. Lack of equal mechanisms for the personal/organizational acquisition and alteration which are necessary in order to change current held, engrained impressions. 13. Urban Planning and Land Use a ) Suppose you had the chance to speak to a member of the American Institution of Architects. She knows you are taking the SL1401 distance class and would wish to cognize your overarching sentiment on the 10 rules of Populating Communities that the Institution has developed. What would you state to her? ( 3 points ) Architecture, landscape architecture and urban design surely can act upon and better the quality of life in our state ‘s communities, and while the AIA ‘s 10 Principles of Populating Communities ( AIA 10 Pr. ) are applaudable, they are non every bit inclusive as the FSSD and the four Sustainability Principles. Although the AIA 10 Pr. can cut down a community ‘s part to the misdemeanor of the four SP to a certain grade, it does non supply a consistent, organized construction for the accomplishment of social and ecological sustainability, in contrast to the FSSD which does. As a tool, the AIA 10 Pr. chiefly focuses on cut downing parts to misdemeanors of the first three SP through the use of alternate energy, reuse and recycling of stuffs, execution of energy and H2O efficiency plans, etc. AIA 10 Pr. partly tackles the SP4, but it does non explicitly address economic or societal issues, nor does it turn to human cardinal demands ( such as protection, engagement, apprehension, etc. ) . In the FSSD, the AIA 10 Pr. can be used as one of several tools which can be used to complement each other. When such complementary tools are used together, they are more comprehensive and powerful, leting an organisation to continuously better towards accomplishing a principled definition of sustainability. B ) Explain how the facets of Urban Planning and Land Use covered in Module 2 can be used to assist society travel towards sustainability. ( 4 points ) Based on the analysis we derive from the FSSD, 4 SP and systems believing, supported by the work of ecological economic experts, we now understand that decision-making for Urban Planning and Land Use – how we plan our physical business of infinite by worlds – must concentrate on the integrating of worlds within the ecosphere, an incorporate urban planning scheme. As Bill Reed articulately describe in his theoretical account of the â€Å" Living Systems Approach to Design † , the design procedure must foremost get down by understanding the life processes in each alone topographic point in which we are constructing and so we must plan that battle in order to prolong and reconstruct the wellness and wealth of the topographic point. In this new manner of operating, the aim toward which the metropolis ‘s authorities and establishments work must be to better the life of citizens and renew the wellness of the natural infinite which is occupied. The metropolis program, developed within a procedure of duologue and with the full participation/representation of the stakeholders, must clearly joint these nucleus values. Integrated urban planning actions, based on valuing the single – seting people first – within the ecosphere, conserving and reconstructing natural resources, will ensue in an ecological, people-centered metropolis. Commitment to values such as handiness, transparence, societal justness and poorness decrease and efficient resource direction will ensue sustainable urban development. This overarching scheme would inform all facets of urban planning, including societal, economic and environmental plans. This ecological city-strategy, with strong, consistent governing/design values and a focal point on incorporate systems, combined with strong, informed leading, can be used successfully to aline the actions of be aftering sections to run into these strategic aims, ensuing in successful, long-run execution of scheme. Integrated transit and land-use should be a cardinal constituent in the metropolis ‘s development, commanding growing, cutting pollution and heightening the life of occupants. The environmental quality and economic efficiency of a metropolis are extremely dependent on transit systems ; it is of import that these are well-integrated with urban signifier in order to avoid weak transit systems and unsustainable dependences on private autos. A close relationship between public transit and land-use statute law can be established as a counsel and development tool. Integrated planning procedures structured to guarantee that contrivers in all countries know the scheme and are working with a shared vision and are developing their programs together, would avoid the many jobs of unlinked development ( e.g. , non adequate proviso for green infinite ) . The integrating of different elements of urban development would besides avoid jobs associated with piecemeal development such as pollution, traffic congestion and unsustainable fuel ingestion rates. The creative activity of an independent Institute of Planning can be an effectual mechanism for guaranting planning continuity and success regardless of political, economic and societal challenges ; this forum can function as a research lab for happening originative, incorporate solutions to urban planning jobs, a focal point for larning and ever-evolving organisational growing and alteration. Developing new theoretical accounts that provide cheap, originative urban solutions and reflect local values are an alternate to standard, often-higher-cost attacks. This Institute could besides be the channel through which contrivers and stakeholders could larn about best patterns in sustainable urban design which is being implemented successfully in other locations and states. 14. Economicss a ) Environmental economic experts and ecological economic experts have different worldviews explicating the relationship between the economic system and the ecosphere. Describe the environmental and ecological economic experts ‘ worldviews ( 4 points ) . In the twentieth century, environmental economic sciences was developed with the purpose of internalising the external effects of our current manner of economic production, such as pollution, societal jobs, loss of biodiversity, etc. , into the economic system. Environmental economic sciences modified the neoclassical economic system by utilizing revenue enhancements and subsidies to raise monetary values on scarce resources while advancing the usage of abundant 1s. In the theoretical account of environmental economic sciences, it is recognized that society and the economic system are dependent upon the ecosphere. Their purpose is to work out the job by seting a monetary value on natural resource supply, emanations and other outwardnesss and conveying them into the economic analyses, by pricing mechanism which include: 1.Willingness to pay, 2. Cost to reconstruct, and 3.New cosmopolitan currencies. Through revenue enhancements, resources become more expensive, reflecting the societal and environmental costs of utilizing them and thereby trying to indirectly cut down their usage to sustainable degrees. In their theoretical account, market participants will act in the conformity to the â€Å" enlightened unseeable manus † of the neo-classists, which will ensue in a society which meets human demands, with acceptable degrees of pollution and sustainable usage of resources. Ecological economic sciences is an interdisciplinary field of survey that addresses relationships between ecosystems and economic systems in order to develop a deep apprehension of society and nature as a footing for effectual policies schemes for sustainability. Ecological economic sciences utilizes a holistic, systems approach which views that socioeconomic systems are portion of the overall ecosphere ; it emphasizes the demand to esteem the transporting capacity of the natural ecosystems and the development of just systems of belongings rights and wealth distribution. Ecological economic experts seek to maintain economic sciences separate from societal and ecological systems, keeping that macroeconomics should be used a agency by which to accomplish sustainability and that the entire physical size of the material exchange between the economic system and the ecosphere should be maintained at sustainable degrees for the long term. They recommend the debut of complements to the curre nt economic model which include different methodological analysiss, economic inducements and deterrences, normative Torahs and ordinances every bit good as tools and constructs of economic monitoring. B ) What are some of the challenges that our society demand to get the better of sing the current worldview on economic sciences when transitioning towards sustainability? ( 4 points ) Our current economic system is basically additive in nature, and it measures success by utilizing GDP growing as an index. The focal point is on bring forthing merchandises and presenting them to the client in the fastest and cheapest manner possible, irrespective of the impacts this may do on natural systems. Presently, society infusions resources from the Earth ‘s surface, turns them into goods, and so the by-products of these procedures are discharged back into nature as monolithic sums of frequently extremely toxic waste ( which we call air, H2O, and dirt pollution ) or as solid, industrial, and risky waste. The underlying job with this theoretical account is that the Earth ‘s air, woods, oceans, dirts, workss, and animate beings do non hold the capacity to infinitely provide increasing sums of resources, nor can nature absorb all of society ‘s pollution and waste, particularly given unprecedented population rise and demand for resources. GDP growing is non a satisfactory index for mensurating success in footings of fulfilment of human cardinal demands and social well-being. Continuously increasing degrees of GDP growing is straight linked with the continued development of natural resources which are non renewable and are consuming. As GDP growing is increased, so is the ingestion of natural resources, which is tantamount to society acquiring deeper and deeper into the â€Å" funnel † of unsustainability. In order to travel towards sustainability, policy and determination shapers must understand the pressing demand to alter the current paradigm, create conditions of trust, efficaciously communicate the demand for sustainability and how to accomplish it within the context of planetary justness and an just distribution of wealth, instead than the current impression of increasing GDP growing by of all time increasing ingestion of natural resources and production of waste. 15. Public Policy a ) Please explicate the construct of the â€Å" calamity of the parks † and its relation to public policy and the administration of our parks. ( 3 points ) The â€Å" calamity of the parks † described by Garrett Hardin is a utile construct for understanding how society has brought approximately legion environmental calamities. The â€Å" calamity of the parks † describes a state of affairs in which multiple persons, moving independently, who are concerned merely with their ain opportunism, will finally consume a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is non in anyone ‘s long-run involvement for this to go on. The metaphor illustrates the statement that when persons and groups – who are motivated to maximise their addition without consideration of the demands of others – have free and unrestricted entree to a limited resource, the shared resource is finally reduced through over-exploitation, either temporarily or for good. The cost of this development to the point of depletion is borne by all those to whom the resource is available, which may be an even wider group of persons than those who are working it. Everyone pays the monetary value. B ) Explain how the constructs discussed sing public policy and administration can be used to assist society travel towards sustainability. ( 4 points ) In the context of avoiding over-exploitation of common resources, the â€Å" calamity of the parks † can be applied to a great many modern environmental jobs ( e.g. , overgrazing on federal lands, acerb precipitation, ocean dumping, atmospheric C dioxide discharges, firewood crises in less developed states, overfishing ) . Simply stated, society faces a serious quandary – when an person ‘s rational behaviour ( i.e. , moving without restraint to maximise personal short-run addition ) can do irrational, long-run harm to the environment, others and finally oneself. This is the calamity – each person is caught in a system that compels him/her to increase his demand without limit – in a universe that is limited. To counter this, public policy and administration should move to clearly show the foolishness of irreversibly consuming shared resources, and develop a public policy substructure that respects the restraints of ecological and societal sustainability as defined by the FSSD and the 4SP. In this scenario, policy and determination shapers attempt to act upon human behaviour through sharing of cognition and information, puting up economic inducements and deterrences for those elements which are non addressed by information entirely and presenting normative Torahs and ordinances merely when necessary. 16. How could leading in sustainable development be applied in your field of survey? ( 4 points ) I am a LEED AP, landscape designer and international sustainability adviser. I am portion of a squad of seven designers and contrivers from the Architecture and Urbanism Committee of the Illinois-Sao Paulo Partners of the Americas, an international not-for-profit organisation, on whose Board of Directors I participate as an elective manager. We have been working for old ages on the development of a sustainable maestro program for the historic railway town of Paranapiacaba, in the province of Sao Paulo, Brazil, built in the 1860s by the British in virgin Atlantic rain forest. Paranapiacaba has been declared a registered historic territory by the authorities of Brazil and the World Monuments Fund has placed Paranapiacaba on the Watch list in 2000 and 2002 to raise consciousness of the authorities ‘s attempts and the demand for saving. Our squad convened a Paranapiacaba Technical Assistance Workshop on site in April 2010 in order to make a synergism of cognition and resources which could supply be aftering expertness and thoughtful recommendations on sustainability, land usage, reasonable growing and economic development. Our analysis took into history the legion challenges confronting the hereafter of Paranapiacaba and our recommendations high spot schemes for the sustainable development of the unique, historic Vila of Paranapiacaba and its encompassing part. As a squad of voluntary professionals, without a political docket and free of prepossessions, we work in partnership with local governmental representatives and community members to develop nonsubjective and impartial recommendations. Our construct proposal and vision for the hereafter of Paranapiacaba was developed independently, with the input of all stakeholders, concentrating on the sustainable historic Restoration, saving, societal and economic development of the Vila. In order to guarantee that the cardinal human demands of the community are besides addressed ( ( SP4 ) , we actively develop schemes for inclusive educational, occupation accomplishments developing, wellness and societal plans. When we presented our concluding study with recommendations at a public forum in the City Hall of Santo Andre ( which has legal power over the historic town ) , our program was strongly supported by the authorities and stakeholders. We are presently traveling to implement this sustainable m asterplan. With the cognition I have acquired from BTH ( which I am presently sharing with my teammates, promoting them to besides take the Strategic Sustainable development category at BTH ) , I understand how the FSSD can be adapted to the instance of sustainable planning for Paranapiacaba. Based on scientifically-based, first order rules and systems believing, the FSSD can foster back up our decision-making in these conditions of really high complexness, assisting us to acknowledge the mutuality of the natural universe and society. As a shared theoretical account for planning, to guarantee people understand each other and the ends of their coaction, the FSSD can function as a compass for us to steer Paranapiacaba towards a truly sustainable hereafter in conformity with the 4SP.